332 lines
18 KiB
Plaintext
332 lines
18 KiB
Plaintext
MODEL: devstral2-123b-iq2
|
||
PATH: /home/qrf/.cache/llama.cpp/Devstral-2-123B-Instruct-2512-UD-IQ2_M.gguf
|
||
STARTED: 2026-07-11 19:07:00
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q01 [physics]
|
||
What is the Chandrasekhar limit in solar masses, and what does it represent?
|
||
|
||
The Chandrasekhar limit is approximately **1.44 solar masses**. It represents the maximum mass a white dwarf star can have before it collapses under its own gravity, leading to a supernova explosion or the formation of a neutron star or black hole. This limit arises from quantum mechanics, specifically the pressure of electron degeneracy, which supports the star against gravitational collapse. It was calculated by Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar in 1930.
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=97 time=30.3s tps=3.4)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q02 [physics]
|
||
Which bosons mediate the weak nuclear force?
|
||
|
||
The weak nuclear force is mediated by the W and Z bosons. The W bosons come in two charged varieties (W⁺ and W⁻), while the Z boson is neutral. These bosons are heavy, with masses around 80 GeV (W) and 91 GeV (Z). They are part of the electroweak theory, which unifies weak and electromagnetic interactions.
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=84 time=25.5s tps=3.4)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q03 [physics]
|
||
What is the approximate value of the fine-structure constant?
|
||
|
||
The approximate value of the fine-structure constant (α) is 1/137. It is more precisely about 0.0072973525693. This constant characterizes the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles.
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=57 time=17.6s tps=3.4)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q04 [physics]
|
||
What did the Davisson-Germer experiment confirm?
|
||
|
||
The Davisson-Germer experiment confirmed the wave-like nature of electrons, providing direct evidence for the de Broglie hypothesis that particles can exhibit wave properties. This was a crucial validation of quantum mechanics. The experiment showed that electrons undergo diffraction when scattered by a crystal, producing a pattern consistent with the interference of waves. Their findings supported the principle of wave-particle duality.
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=77 time=23.5s tps=3.4)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q05 [chemistry]
|
||
What is the oxidation state of manganese in potassium permanganate?
|
||
|
||
The oxidation state of manganese in potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) is +7. This is because the potassium ion (K⁺) has a +1 oxidation state, and each oxygen ion (O²⁻) has a -2 oxidation state. The sum of the oxidation states in the compound must equal zero, so manganese must have an oxidation state of +7 to balance the charges.
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=85 time=25.9s tps=3.4)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q06 [chemistry]
|
||
Which element has the highest electronegativity after fluorine?
|
||
|
||
Oxygen. Not sure, but I think it's oxygen with an electronegativity of 3.44 on the Pauling scale, while fluorine has 3.98.
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=39 time=12.3s tps=3.5)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q07 [chemistry]
|
||
What industrial process converts nitrogen gas to ammonia, and what catalyst does it typically use?
|
||
|
||
The Haber-Bosch process converts nitrogen gas to ammonia. It typically uses an iron-based catalyst, promoted by potassium and aluminum oxide. The reaction occurs at high temperature (400-500°C) and pressure (150-200 atm). This process is crucial for fertilizer production.
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=65 time=20.2s tps=3.4)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q08 [chemistry]
|
||
What is a racemic mixture?
|
||
|
||
A racemic mixture is a 1:1 mixture of the two enantiomers of a chiral molecule. It is optically inactive because the rotation effects of each enantiomer cancel each other out. Racemic mixtures are often denoted by the prefix (±). They can be separated into individual enantiomers through a process called resolution.
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=64 time=20.8s tps=3.4)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q09 [biology]
|
||
Which nerve innervates the diaphragm, and from which spinal roots does it arise?
|
||
|
||
The diaphragm is innervated by the phrenic nerve. It arises from the ventral rami of the cervical spinal nerves C3, C4, and C5. The primary contribution is from C4. This arrangement is often remembered as "C3, 4, 5 keeps the diaphragm alive."
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=64 time=19.9s tps=3.4)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q10 [biology]
|
||
What is the primary function of the loop of Henle?
|
||
|
||
The primary function of the loop of Henle is to create a concentration gradient in the medulla of the kidney by reabsorbing water and sodium chloride from the filtrate. This process is essential for the production of concentrated urine. It involves passive water reabsorption in the descending limb and active sodium and chloride transport in the ascending limb. This gradient enables the kidneys to adjust urine concentration and volume.
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=81 time=24.8s tps=3.4)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q11 [biology]
|
||
Deficiency of which vitamin causes pellagra, and what are its three classic symptoms?
|
||
|
||
Deficiency of **niacin (vitamin B3)** causes pellagra. Its three classic symptoms are **dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia**. If untreated, it can lead to death.
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=41 time=13.1s tps=3.4)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q12 [biology]
|
||
What organism causes Chagas disease and what vector transmits it?
|
||
|
||
*Trypanosoma cruzi* causes Chagas disease. It is primarily transmitted by triatomine bugs (commonly called "kissing bugs"), particularly species in the *Triatoma* genus.
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=43 time=13.4s tps=3.4)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q13 [history]
|
||
In what year did the First Council of Nicaea convene?
|
||
|
||
The First Council of Nicaea convened in the year 325 AD.
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=19 time=6.3s tps=3.6)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q14 [history]
|
||
Who is generally considered the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire?
|
||
|
||
Romulus Augustulus is generally considered the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire. He was deposed by the Germanic chieftain Odoacer in 476 AD. His reign marked the traditional end of the Western Roman Empire. Historians sometimes debate this designation, but Romulus Augustulus is the most widely recognized figure.
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=70 time=21.5s tps=3.4)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q15 [history]
|
||
What peace settlement ended the Thirty Years' War, and in what year?
|
||
|
||
The Peace of Westphalia ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648. It was a series of treaties signed between May and October of that year in Münster and Osnabrück. The treaties involved the Holy Roman Empire, the Kingdom of France, and their allies. Not sure if you need further details on the treaties' contents.
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=69 time=21.2s tps=3.4)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q16 [history]
|
||
Which Chinese dynasty ruled during the voyages of Zheng He?
|
||
|
||
The Ming Dynasty ruled China during the voyages of Zheng He. These expeditions took place from 1405 to 1433, under the reign of the Yongle Emperor (r. 1402–1424) and his successor, the Hongxi Emperor (r. 1424–1425).
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=75 time=23.0s tps=3.4)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q17 [geography]
|
||
What is the deepest lake in the world and approximately how deep is it?
|
||
|
||
Lake Baikal in Siberia, Russia, is the deepest lake in the world. Its maximum depth is approximately 1,642 meters (5,387 feet). It is also the largest freshwater lake by volume.
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=48 time=15.0s tps=3.4)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q18 [geography]
|
||
Which two countries share the longest international land border?
|
||
|
||
The two countries that share the longest international land border are Canada and the United States. The border between them stretches approximately 8,891 kilometers (5,525 miles). This includes the border between Canada and the continental U.S. as well as the border between Canada and Alaska. It is the longest international land border in the world.
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=72 time=22.1s tps=3.4)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q19 [geography]
|
||
What strait separates Asia from North America?
|
||
|
||
The Bering Strait separates Asia from North America. It lies between Russia and Alaska. It connects the Arctic Ocean to the Bering Sea. The strait is approximately 82 kilometers (51 miles) wide at its narrowest point.
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=50 time=15.6s tps=3.4)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q20 [geography]
|
||
What is the capital of Burkina Faso?
|
||
|
||
The capital of Burkina Faso is Ouagadougou. It is also the largest city in the country. The name is often shortened to Ouaga. The city is located in the central part of Burkina Faso.
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=43 time=14.3s tps=3.4)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q21 [literature]
|
||
Who wrote The Master and Margarita?
|
||
|
||
Mikhail Bulgakov wrote *The Master and Margarita*. It is a seminal work of 20th-century Russian literature. The novel was written between 1928 and 1940 but published posthumously in 1967. It blends satire, fantasy, and philosophical themes.
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=64 time=21.1s tps=3.4)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q22 [literature]
|
||
In Dante's Divine Comedy, who guides Dante through Paradise?
|
||
|
||
Beatrice guides Dante through Paradise in the *Divine Comedy*. She replaces Virgil, who led him through Hell and Purgatory, as a symbol of divine love and wisdom. Beatrice represents Dante's idealized love and a bridge to the spiritual realm. She ultimately hands Dante over to Saint Bernard for the final stage of his journey.
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=68 time=20.9s tps=3.4)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q23 [literature]
|
||
What is the famous opening line of Anna Karenina?
|
||
|
||
"Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way." This is the famous opening line of Leo Tolstoy's *Anna Karenina*.
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=35 time=11.1s tps=3.5)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q24 [literature]
|
||
Who wrote One Hundred Years of Solitude and in what year was it first published?
|
||
|
||
Gabriel García Márquez wrote *One Hundred Years of Solitude*. It was first published in 1967.
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=24 time=8.0s tps=3.5)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q25 [music]
|
||
What was Iron Maiden's debut studio album and in what year was it released?
|
||
|
||
Iron Maiden's debut studio album was *Iron Maiden*, released in 1980.
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=20 time=6.8s tps=3.5)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q26 [music]
|
||
Which composer wrote the Goldberg Variations?
|
||
|
||
Johann Sebastian Bach wrote the Goldberg Variations. The work was first published in 1741 as the fourth volume of his Clavier-Übung (Keyboard Practice). It is named after Johann Gottlieb Goldberg, a harpsichordist who may have been the first to perform it. The piece consists of an aria and a set of 30 variations.
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=74 time=24.1s tps=3.4)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q27 [music]
|
||
Who produced System of a Down's album Toxicity?
|
||
|
||
System of a Down's album *Toxicity* was produced by Rick Rubin, along with the band itself. The album was co-produced by David Bottrill and engineered by Andy Wallace. It was released in 2001 under American Recordings.
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=53 time=16.5s tps=3.4)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q28 [music]
|
||
The natural minor scale corresponds to which mode of the major scale?
|
||
|
||
The natural minor scale corresponds to the **Aeolian mode** of the major scale. It is the sixth mode, built by starting on the sixth degree of the major scale. For example, the A natural minor scale (Aeolian) is the sixth mode of C major. All the notes are the same, but the tonal center changes.
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=73 time=22.4s tps=3.4)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q29 [rf_engineering]
|
||
What is the approximate free-space path loss in dB at 1 km for a 2.4 GHz signal?
|
||
|
||
The approximate free-space path loss at 1 km for a 2.4 GHz signal is around 100 dB. This is calculated using the formula: Path Loss (dB) = 20*log10(4πdf/c), where d is distance (1 km), f is frequency (2.4 GHz), and c is the speed of light. Plugging in the values gives roughly 100 dB. Actual loss may vary due to environmental factors.
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=104 time=31.8s tps=3.4)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q30 [rf_engineering]
|
||
What quantity does a Smith chart plot, and what is it used for?
|
||
|
||
A Smith chart plots complex reflection coefficients (Gamma) or impedances. It is primarily used for solving transmission line and impedance matching problems in RF engineering. The chart visually displays relationships between components like resistors, inductors, and capacitors. It also aids in designing networks for maximum power transfer.
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=58 time=17.9s tps=3.4)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q31 [rf_engineering]
|
||
State the Shannon capacity formula and define its variables.
|
||
|
||
The Shannon capacity formula is \( C = B \log_2(1 + \frac{S}{N}) \), where:
|
||
- \( C \) is the channel capacity in bits per second.
|
||
- \( B \) is the bandwidth of the channel in Hertz.
|
||
- \( S \) is the signal power.
|
||
- \( N \) is the noise power.
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=76 time=23.3s tps=3.4)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q32 [rf_engineering]
|
||
What modulation and spreading scheme does the GPS L1 C/A signal use?
|
||
|
||
The GPS L1 C/A signal uses **Binary Phase-Shift Keying (BPSK)** modulation. For spreading, it employs a **Gold code** with a chipping rate of 1.023 MHz. Each satellite has a unique Gold code to allow discrimination between signals. The data message is modulated at 50 bits per second.
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=73 time=22.4s tps=3.4)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q33 [math]
|
||
What is the exact value of the Riemann zeta function at s=2?
|
||
|
||
The exact value of the Riemann zeta function at s=2 is π²/6. This result was proven by Leonhard Euler in 1735, and it is known as the Basel problem. The series representation is ζ(2) = 1/1² + 1/2² + 1/3² + ... = π²/6. This is a special case of the general formula ζ(2n) = (-1)^(n+1) (2π)^(2n) B_(2n)/(2(2n)!), where B_(2n) are Bernoulli numbers.
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=131 time=39.6s tps=3.4)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q34 [math]
|
||
State the Central Limit Theorem in one sentence.
|
||
|
||
The Central Limit Theorem states that the distribution of sample means from a large number of independent and identically distributed random variables will approximate a normal distribution, regardless of the shape of the original population distribution, as the sample size becomes larger.
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=47 time=16.1s tps=3.4)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q35 [math]
|
||
Write out Euler's identity.
|
||
|
||
Euler's identity is \( e^{i\pi} + 1 = 0 \). It connects the base of natural logarithms \( e \), the imaginary unit \( i \), pi \( \pi \), and 1 and 0. It is often praised for its mathematical beauty. It is a special case of Euler's formula \( e^{i\theta} = \cos \theta + i \sin \theta \).
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=89 time=28.3s tps=3.4)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q36 [math]
|
||
How many groups of order 8 exist up to isomorphism?
|
||
|
||
There are five groups of order 8 up to isomorphism. These are: the cyclic group \( \mathbb{Z}/8\mathbb{Z} \), the direct product \( \mathbb{Z}/4\mathbb{Z} \times \mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z} \), the direct product \( \mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z} \times \mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z} \times \mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z} \), the dihedral group \( D_4 \), and the quaternion group \( Q_8 \).
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=109 time=33.1s tps=3.4)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q37 [econ_law]
|
||
What is the difference between nominal and real GDP?
|
||
|
||
Nominal GDP measures a country's economic output in current prices, without adjusting for inflation. Real GDP adjusts for inflation, reflecting the actual volume of goods and services produced. This means real GDP provides a more accurate comparison of economic growth over time. The difference between them is the inflation rate.
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=60 time=20.0s tps=3.4)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q38 [econ_law]
|
||
What legal principle does habeas corpus protect?
|
||
|
||
Habeas corpus protects the legal principle that a person cannot be held in custody without sufficient legal justification. It ensures the right to challenge unlawful detention and requires the custodian to justify the imprisonment before a court. This principle safeguards individual liberty by preventing arbitrary arrest and detention. It is a cornerstone of many modern legal systems, including the U.S. and UK.
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=76 time=23.3s tps=3.4)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q39 [econ_law]
|
||
Who won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics for prospect theory?
|
||
|
||
Daniel Kahneman won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 2002 for his work on prospect theory, which he developed with Amos Tversky.
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=33 time=10.5s tps=3.5)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
Q40 [econ_law]
|
||
What is Gresham's law?
|
||
|
||
Gresham's law is an economic principle that states "bad money drives out good money" when both are legally required to be accepted as payment. This happens because people will hoard the more valuable "good" money and use the less valuable "bad" money for transactions. It occurs when the market value of money differs from its face value, often due to government fixed exchange rates. The result is that the inferior currency circulates, while the superior currency disappears from circulation.
|
||
|
||
(finish=stop tokens=97 time=29.5s tps=3.4)
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
TOTAL: 813s for 40 questions
|
||
=== RUN COMPLETE ===
|