experiments-07-07-12-local-llm-knowledge-2/results/gpt-oss-120b.log

MODEL: gpt-oss-120b
PATH: /home/qrf/.cache/llama.cpp/openai_gpt-oss-120b-Q4_K_M/openai_gpt-oss-120b-Q4_K_M-00001-of-00002.gguf
STARTED: 2026-07-11 19:04:12

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Q01 [physics]
What is the Chandrasekhar limit in solar masses, and what does it represent?

The Chandrasekhar limit is about 1.44 times the mass of the Sun. It marks the maximum mass a white dwarf can have while being supported by electron‑degeneracy pressure. Above this limit, the star can no longer remain a white dwarf and will collapse into a neutron star or black hole.

(finish=stop tokens=150 time=3.9s tps=62.8)

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Q02 [physics]
Which bosons mediate the weak nuclear force?

The weak nuclear force is mediated by the charged W⁺ and W⁻ bosons and the neutral Z⁰ boson.

(finish=stop tokens=76 time=1.4s tps=63.7)

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Q03 [physics]
What is the approximate value of the fine-structure constant?

The fine‑structure constant α is approximately 1/137, i.e., α ≈ 0.007297 (about 7.3 × 10⁻³).

(finish=stop tokens=115 time=2.0s tps=63.1)

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Q04 [physics]
What did the Davisson-Germer experiment confirm?

The Davisson‑Germer experiment confirmed that electrons exhibit wave‑like behavior, producing diffraction patterns when scattered from a crystal lattice. This demonstrated the de Broglie hypothesis that particles have an associated wavelength, validating the wave–particle duality of matter. It provided direct experimental evidence for quantum mechanics.

(finish=stop tokens=129 time=2.3s tps=62.9)

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Q05 [chemistry]
What is the oxidation state of manganese in potassium permanganate?

The oxidation state of manganese in potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) is +7.

(finish=stop tokens=71 time=1.4s tps=62.9)

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Q06 [chemistry]
Which element has the highest electronegativity after fluorine?

Oxygen has the highest electronegativity after fluorine.

(finish=stop tokens=90 time=1.6s tps=62.9)

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Q07 [chemistry]
What industrial process converts nitrogen gas to ammonia, and what catalyst does it typically use?

The Haber‑Bosch process converts N₂ gas to NH₃ on an industrial scale. It typically uses an iron‑based catalyst, often promoted with potassium and aluminum oxides.

(finish=stop tokens=97 time=1.8s tps=62.8)

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Q08 [chemistry]
What is a racemic mixture?

A racemic mixture, or racemate, is a 1:1 mixture of two enantiomers of a chiral molecule. It contains equal amounts of the left‑handed ( S ) and right‑handed ( R ) forms, making the overall mixture optically inactive.

(finish=stop tokens=93 time=1.7s tps=62.9)

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Q09 [biology]
Which nerve innervates the diaphragm, and from which spinal roots does it arise?

The diaphragm is innervated by the phrenic nerve, which arises from the cervical spinal roots C3, C4, and C5.

(finish=stop tokens=82 time=1.6s tps=62.8)

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Q10 [biology]
What is the primary function of the loop of Henle?

The loop of Henle creates a hyperosmotic gradient in the renal medulla by counter‑current exchange of solutes and water. This gradient allows the kidney to reabsorb water from the collecting duct and concentrate urine. It is essential for maintaining body fluid osmolarity.

(finish=stop tokens=159 time=2.7s tps=62.6)

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Q11 [biology]
Deficiency of which vitamin causes pellagra, and what are its three classic symptoms?

Pellagra is caused by a deficiency of vitamin B3 (niacin). Its three classic symptoms are dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia.

(finish=stop tokens=114 time=2.1s tps=62.9)

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Q12 [biology]
What organism causes Chagas disease and what vector transmits it?

The disease is caused by the protozoan parasite **Trypanosoma cruzi**.  
It is transmitted to humans primarily by **triatomine bugs** (often called “kissing bugs”).

(finish=stop tokens=83 time=1.5s tps=63.0)

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Q13 [history]
In what year did the First Council of Nicaea convene?

The First Council of Nicaea convened in the year **325 AD**.

(finish=stop tokens=68 time=1.3s tps=63.1)

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Q14 [history]
Who is generally considered the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire?

Romulus Augustulus is generally regarded as the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire; he was deposed in 476 AD.

(finish=stop tokens=78 time=1.4s tps=63.1)

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Q15 [history]
What peace settlement ended the Thirty Years' War, and in what year?

The Thirty Years' War ended with the Peace of Westphalia, signed in 1648.

(finish=stop tokens=70 time=1.4s tps=63.1)

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Q16 [history]
Which Chinese dynasty ruled during the voyages of Zheng He?

Zheng He’s voyages took place under the Ming dynasty.

(finish=stop tokens=51 time=1.0s tps=63.3)

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Q17 [geography]
What is the deepest lake in the world and approximately how deep is it?

Lake Baikal in Siberia is the deepest lake in the world, reaching a maximum depth of about 1,642 meters (≈5,387 feet).

(finish=stop tokens=94 time=1.7s tps=62.9)

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Q18 [geography]
Which two countries share the longest international land border?

Canada and the United States share the longest international land border, extending about 8,891 km (5,525 mi).

(finish=stop tokens=64 time=1.2s tps=63.0)

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Q19 [geography]
What strait separates Asia from North America?

The Bering Strait separates Asia from North America.

(finish=stop tokens=48 time=0.9s tps=63.3)

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Q20 [geography]
What is the capital of Burkina Faso?

The capital of Burkina Faso is Ouagadougou.

(finish=stop tokens=52 time=1.0s tps=63.3)

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Q21 [literature]
Who wrote The Master and Margarita?

Mikhail Bulgakov wrote *The Master and Margarita*.

(finish=stop tokens=49 time=0.9s tps=63.1)

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Q22 [literature]
In Dante's Divine Comedy, who guides Dante through Paradise?

Beatrice guides Dante through Paradise (Paradiso) in Dante’s Divine Comedy.

(finish=stop tokens=72 time=1.3s tps=63.1)

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Q23 [literature]
What is the famous opening line of Anna Karenina?

All happy families are alike; each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.

(finish=stop tokens=76 time=1.4s tps=63.0)

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Q24 [literature]
Who wrote One Hundred Years of Solitude and in what year was it first published?

Gabriel García Márquez wrote *One Hundred Years of Solitude*, and it was first published in 1967.

(finish=stop tokens=98 time=1.8s tps=62.9)

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Q25 [music]
What was Iron Maiden's debut studio album and in what year was it released?

Iron Maiden’s debut studio album is titled **“Iron Maiden.”** It was released in **1980**.

(finish=stop tokens=81 time=1.5s tps=62.9)

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Q26 [music]
Which composer wrote the Goldberg Variations?

Johann Sebastian Bach composed the Goldberg Variations.

(finish=stop tokens=47 time=0.9s tps=63.3)

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Q27 [music]
Who produced System of a Down's album Toxicity?

System of a Down’s album *Toxicity* was produced by Daron Malakian and Rick Rubin.

(finish=stop tokens=144 time=2.5s tps=62.6)

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Q28 [music]
The natural minor scale corresponds to which mode of the major scale?

The natural minor scale is the **Aeolian mode**, which is the **sixth mode** of the major scale.

(finish=stop tokens=88 time=1.6s tps=63.0)

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Q29 [rf_engineering]
What is the approximate free-space path loss in dB at 1 km for a 2.4 GHz signal?

Approximately 100 dB of free‑space path loss at 1 km for a 2.4 GHz signal.

(finish=stop tokens=226 time=3.9s tps=62.8)

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Q30 [rf_engineering]
What quantity does a Smith chart plot, and what is it used for?

A Smith chart plots the complex reflection coefficient (or equivalently normalized impedance/admittance) on a polar‑type plane. It is used to visualize and solve transmission‑line problems, such as impedance transformation, matching network design, and VSWR analysis.

(finish=stop tokens=143 time=2.5s tps=63.8)

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Q31 [rf_engineering]
State the Shannon capacity formula and define its variables.

The Shannon capacity formula is  

\[
C = B \,\log_2\!\bigl(1 + \tfrac{S}{N}\bigr),
\]

where \(C\) is the maximum achievable data rate (bits / second), \(B\) is the channel bandwidth (Hz), \(S\) is the average signal power, and \(N\) is the average noise power (both in the same units).

(finish=stop tokens=160 time=2.7s tps=63.6)

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Q32 [rf_engineering]
What modulation and spreading scheme does the GPS L1 C/A signal use?

The GPS L1 C/A signal is binary phase‑shift keyed (BPSK) at a 1.023 MHz chip rate.  
It uses direct‑sequence spread‑spectrum (DSSS) with a 1023‑chip Gold code (the C/A PRN).

(finish=stop tokens=213 time=3.6s tps=63.3)

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Q33 [math]
What is the exact value of the Riemann zeta function at s=2?

The exact value is  

\[
\zeta(2)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n^{2}}=\frac{\pi^{2}}{6}.
\]

(finish=stop tokens=100 time=1.9s tps=63.5)

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Q34 [math]
State the Central Limit Theorem in one sentence.

The Central Limit Theorem states that the sum (or average) of a large number of independent, identically distributed random variables with finite mean and variance approaches a normal (Gaussian) distribution, regardless of the original variables’ distribution.

(finish=stop tokens=81 time=1.5s tps=63.8)

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Q35 [math]
Write out Euler's identity.

Euler's identity is \(e^{i\pi} + 1 = 0\).

(finish=stop tokens=74 time=1.3s tps=63.2)

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Q36 [math]
How many groups of order 8 exist up to isomorphism?

There are **five** groups of order 8 up to isomorphism.

(finish=stop tokens=104 time=1.9s tps=63.5)

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Q37 [econ_law]
What is the difference between nominal and real GDP?

Nominal GDP measures the value of all final goods and services produced in an economy using current market prices. Real GDP adjusts nominal GDP for changes in the price level, using constant base‑year prices to reflect actual output. The difference between them is the effect of inflation (or deflation) over time. Real GDP therefore provides a more accurate gauge of economic growth.

(finish=stop tokens=105 time=1.9s tps=63.7)

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Q38 [econ_law]
What legal principle does habeas corpus protect?

Habeas corpus protects the legal principle of personal liberty by requiring that a person’s detention be lawful and subject to judicial review. It ensures that the government must justify any imprisonment before a court.

(finish=stop tokens=134 time=2.3s tps=63.1)

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Q39 [econ_law]
Who won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics for prospect theory?

Daniel Kahneman won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 2002 for his work on prospect theory.

(finish=stop tokens=99 time=1.8s tps=62.9)

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Q40 [econ_law]
What is Gresham's law?

Gresham’s law states that “bad money drives out good.” When two forms of commodity money are legal tender at a fixed exchange rate, people tend to spend the less‑valuable (debased) coins and hoard or melt the more‑valuable ones, causing the good money to disappear from circulation.

(finish=stop tokens=109 time=1.9s tps=62.9)

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TOTAL: 73s for 40 questions
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