experiments-07-07-12-local-llm-knowledge-2/results/devstral-small2-24b.log

MODEL: devstral-small2-24b
PATH: /home/qrf/.cache/llama.cpp/mistralai_Devstral-Small-2-24B-Instruct-2512-Q4_K_M.gguf
STARTED: 2026-07-11 21:32:30

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Q01 [physics]
What is the Chandrasekhar limit in solar masses, and what does it represent?

The Chandrasekhar limit is approximately 1.4 solar masses. It represents the maximum mass a white dwarf star can have before it collapses under its own gravity, often leading to a supernova or the formation of a neutron star.

(finish=stop tokens=50 time=2.4s tps=24.6)

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Q02 [physics]
Which bosons mediate the weak nuclear force?

The weak nuclear force is mediated by the W and Z bosons.

(finish=stop tokens=15 time=0.7s tps=25.7)

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Q03 [physics]
What is the approximate value of the fine-structure constant?

The fine-structure constant is approximately 1/137, or more precisely, about 0.0072973525693.

(finish=stop tokens=37 time=1.6s tps=24.8)

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Q04 [physics]
What did the Davisson-Germer experiment confirm?

The Davisson-Germer experiment confirmed the wave-particle duality of electrons, demonstrating that particles can exhibit wave-like behavior. It provided direct evidence for the de Broglie hypothesis, which states that all matter has wave-like properties. The experiment showed that electrons, when scattered by a crystal, produce an interference pattern characteristic of waves. This supported the principles of quantum mechanics.

(finish=stop tokens=77 time=3.3s tps=24.6)

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Q05 [chemistry]
What is the oxidation state of manganese in potassium permanganate?

The oxidation state of manganese in potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) is +7.

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Q06 [chemistry]
Which element has the highest electronegativity after fluorine?

Oxygen has the highest electronegativity after fluorine.

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Q07 [chemistry]
What industrial process converts nitrogen gas to ammonia, and what catalyst does it typically use?

The Haber-Bosch process converts nitrogen gas to ammonia. It typically uses an iron catalyst.

(finish=stop tokens=21 time=1.0s tps=25.5)

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Q08 [chemistry]
What is a racemic mixture?

A racemic mixture is a mixture that contains equal amounts of both enantiomers of a chiral molecule. It is optically inactive because the rotations caused by the two enantiomers cancel each other out. It is also called a racemate.

(finish=stop tokens=47 time=2.1s tps=24.8)

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Q09 [biology]
Which nerve innervates the diaphragm, and from which spinal roots does it arise?

The phrenic nerve innervates the diaphragm. It arises from the cervical spinal roots C3, C4, and C5.

(finish=stop tokens=29 time=1.4s tps=25.1)

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Q10 [biology]
What is the primary function of the loop of Henle?

The primary function of the loop of Henle is to create a concentration gradient in the kidney medulla, which is essential for the reabsorption of water and the concentration of urine. It achieves this through the countercurrent multiplier system, where sodium and chloride ions are actively transported out of the ascending limb, creating a hypertonic medulla. This gradient allows for water reabsorption in the collecting ducts, enabling the production of concentrated urine.

(finish=stop tokens=88 time=3.7s tps=24.5)

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Q11 [biology]
Deficiency of which vitamin causes pellagra, and what are its three classic symptoms?

Deficiency of **niacin (vitamin B3)** causes pellagra. Its three classic symptoms are **dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia** (often remembered as the "3 Ds").

(finish=stop tokens=42 time=1.9s tps=24.8)

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Q12 [biology]
What organism causes Chagas disease and what vector transmits it?

The organism that causes Chagas disease is *Trypanosoma cruzi*, a protozoan parasite. The primary vector that transmits it is the kissing bug (*Triatoma infestans*), which spreads the parasite through its feces during blood meals.

(finish=stop tokens=51 time=2.2s tps=24.7)

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Q13 [history]
In what year did the First Council of Nicaea convene?

The First Council of Nicaea convened in 325 AD.

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Q14 [history]
Who is generally considered the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire?

Romulus Augustulus is generally considered the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire. He was deposed in 476 AD by the Germanic chieftain Odoacer.

(finish=stop tokens=38 time=1.7s tps=24.8)

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Q15 [history]
What peace settlement ended the Thirty Years' War, and in what year?

The Peace of Westphalia ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648.

(finish=stop tokens=20 time=0.9s tps=25.4)

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Q16 [history]
Which Chinese dynasty ruled during the voyages of Zheng He?

The Ming Dynasty ruled during the voyages of Zheng He.

(finish=stop tokens=12 time=0.6s tps=26.4)

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Q17 [geography]
What is the deepest lake in the world and approximately how deep is it?

The deepest lake in the world is Lake Baikal in Russia, with a maximum depth of approximately 1,642 meters (5,387 feet).

(finish=stop tokens=35 time=1.5s tps=24.9)

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Q18 [geography]
Which two countries share the longest international land border?

Canada and the United States share the longest international land border, stretching approximately 8,891 kilometers (5,525 miles).

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Q19 [geography]
What strait separates Asia from North America?

The Bering Strait separates Asia from North America.

(finish=stop tokens=11 time=0.5s tps=26.6)

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Q20 [geography]
What is the capital of Burkina Faso?

The capital of Burkina Faso is Ouagadougou.

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Q21 [literature]
Who wrote The Master and Margarita?

Mikhail Bulgakov wrote *The Master and Margarita*.

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Q22 [literature]
In Dante's Divine Comedy, who guides Dante through Paradise?

In Dante's *Divine Comedy*, Beatrice guides Dante through Paradise. She is Dante's idealized love and symbolizes divine love and wisdom. Beatrice replaces Virgil, who guided Dante through Hell and Purgatory, as Virgil was not worthy to enter Paradise.

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Q23 [literature]
What is the famous opening line of Anna Karenina?

"All happy families are alike; each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way."

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Q24 [literature]
Who wrote One Hundred Years of Solitude and in what year was it first published?

Gabriel García Márquez wrote *One Hundred Years of Solitude*. It was first published in 1967.

(finish=stop tokens=24 time=1.2s tps=25.2)

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Q25 [music]
What was Iron Maiden's debut studio album and in what year was it released?

Iron Maiden's debut studio album is "Iron Maiden," released in 1980.

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Q26 [music]
Which composer wrote the Goldberg Variations?

Johann Sebastian Bach wrote the Goldberg Variations.

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Q27 [music]
Who produced System of a Down's album Toxicity?

Rick Rubin produced System of a Down's album *Toxicity*.

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Q28 [music]
The natural minor scale corresponds to which mode of the major scale?

The natural minor scale corresponds to the **Aeolian mode** of the major scale.

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Q29 [rf_engineering]
What is the approximate free-space path loss in dB at 1 km for a 2.4 GHz signal?

The free-space path loss (FSPL) can be calculated using the formula: FSPL = 32.45 + 20*log10(d) + 20*log10(f), where d is the distance in km and f is the frequency in MHz. For a 2.4 GHz signal at 1 km, the FSPL is approximately 92.45 dB.

(finish=stop tokens=91 time=4.0s tps=24.3)

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Q30 [rf_engineering]
What quantity does a Smith chart plot, and what is it used for?

A Smith chart plots complex reflection coefficients (or impedance/admittance) in the complex plane. It is used for solving problems with transmission lines and matching circuits in RF engineering, such as impedance matching and analyzing standing wave ratios.

(finish=stop tokens=45 time=2.0s tps=24.6)

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Q31 [rf_engineering]
State the Shannon capacity formula and define its variables.

The Shannon capacity formula is \( C = B \log_2(1 + \text{SNR}) \), where:
- \( C \) is the channel capacity in bits per second,
- \( B \) is the bandwidth of the channel in hertz,
- \( \text{SNR} \) is the signal-to-noise ratio (linear, not dB).

(finish=stop tokens=77 time=3.3s tps=24.3)

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Q32 [rf_engineering]
What modulation and spreading scheme does the GPS L1 C/A signal use?

The GPS L1 C/A signal uses **BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying)** modulation and **direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS)** with a **C/A (Coarse/Acquisition) code**. The C/A code is a **1023-chip pseudorandom noise (PRN) sequence** at a **1.023 MHz** chipping rate. The carrier frequency is **1575.42 MHz**.

(finish=stop tokens=96 time=4.1s tps=24.2)

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Q33 [math]
What is the exact value of the Riemann zeta function at s=2?

The exact value of the Riemann zeta function at s=2 is π²/6. This was first proven by Leonhard Euler in 1734. It is a famous result in number theory and is often written as ζ(2) = π²/6.

(finish=stop tokens=57 time=2.5s tps=24.8)

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Q34 [math]
State the Central Limit Theorem in one sentence.

The Central Limit Theorem states that the sampling distribution of the sample mean approaches a normal distribution as the sample size becomes large, regardless of the shape of the population distribution.

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Q35 [math]
Write out Euler's identity.

Euler's identity is \( e^{i\pi} + 1 = 0 \).

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Q36 [math]
How many groups of order 8 exist up to isomorphism?

There are five groups of order 8 up to isomorphism: the cyclic group \( C_8 \), the direct product \( C_4 \times C_2 \), the dihedral group \( D_4 \), the quaternion group \( Q_8 \), and the elementary abelian group \( C_2 \times C_2 \times C_2 \).

(finish=stop tokens=78 time=3.3s tps=24.6)

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Q37 [econ_law]
What is the difference between nominal and real GDP?

Nominal GDP is the value of goods and services produced in an economy, measured at current prices. Real GDP adjusts for inflation by using a constant set of prices (usually from a base year) to measure the value of goods and services. The difference between them is that nominal GDP reflects current prices, while real GDP reflects the actual quantity of goods and services produced, adjusted for inflation. Real GDP is a better measure of economic growth over time.

(finish=stop tokens=91 time=3.9s tps=24.5)

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Q38 [econ_law]
What legal principle does habeas corpus protect?

Habeas corpus protects the legal principle that a person cannot be held in detention without being brought before a court to determine the legality of that detention. It ensures the right to challenge unlawful imprisonment and requires the government to justify the detention. This principle is fundamental to preventing arbitrary or indefinite detention.

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Q39 [econ_law]
Who won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics for prospect theory?

Daniel Kahneman won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics for prospect theory in 2002.

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Q40 [econ_law]
What is Gresham's law?

Gresham's law states that "bad money drives out good money." It means that if two forms of money exist as legal tender, the one that is more valuable will disappear from circulation as people hoard it, while the less valuable one will be used for transactions. This typically occurs when the government sets a fixed exchange rate between the two forms of money.

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TOTAL: 70s for 40 questions
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